废弃核桃壳粉对模拟微污染水中总铁的静态吸附特性研究

采用废弃核桃壳粉对总铁质量浓度约为3 mg/L的模拟微污染水进行了静态吸附实验研究.结果表明,采用产地为新疆、粒径为1.6～2.5 mm的废弃核桃壳粉1.0 g、水样初始pH为7.0、吸附时间为240 min时,总铁去除率可以达到92.69%.吸附后,水样中总铁浓度满足<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB 5749-2006)...     

An Investigation of Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hazelnut Shells

Turkey has a drastic potential in terms of biomass energy and it would be of utmost importance for our energy mix if this huge amount of energy is to be utilized. Thermochemical conversion is the most dominant one among the energy conversion processes. The carbonization process is the key point in determining the kinetic parameters of the fuels utilized. Thereafter, the kinetic parameters obtained from carbonization would be utilized in designing the thermochemical conversion equipments. In this study, the thermal decomposition behavior of hazelnut shells was investigated via dynamical thermogravimetry (TG) under N₂ atmosphere. In order to determine the effects of heating rate and gas flow rate, the experiments were performed in four different heating rates of 5, 20, 50, and 100 K/min and two different nitrogen flow rates of 50 and 100 cm³/min. As the heating rate was increased, peak temperature was increased, maximum temperature shifted to the right (higher T zones) and the maximum rate of weight loss was increased. In addition, lignin decomposition temperature interval was decreased whereas; cellulose decomposition temperature interval was increased. Increasing the heating rate from 5 to 20 K/min, hemicellulose decomposition temperature interval was increased. Total weight loss was slightly increased by the increase of gas flow rate. Kinetic parameters were calculated according to Coats Redfern method. It was found that activation energies of thermal decomposition reactions of hazelnut shell varied between 1.30 and 32.19 kJ/mol.     

长柄扁桃核壳活性炭的制备及表征

以长柄扁桃核壳为原料采用磷酸活化法制备活性炭，分别研究了温度、时间、浸渍比和磷酸浓度对活性炭吸附性能的影响；进而采用氮气吸附曲线和SEM对最佳工艺条件下的活性炭进行了表征。结果表明，长柄扁桃核壳是一种优质的活性炭原料；当温度为400℃，活化时间2 h，浸渍比2：1，磷酸浓度60%时，得到产率为46.46%，碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为1 073 mg/g、255 mg/g，比表面积高达1 740 m²/g，中孔率为73.12%的孔隙发达的高中孔率活性炭。     

戈尔膜过滤器在采油废水处理中的应用

"聚合物驱"采油技术在提高原油采收率的同时也产生了大量的采油废水。传统处理工艺多采用核桃壳过滤,处理效果不理想。戈尔膜过滤器因其具有效率高、运行稳定、易于维修以及全自动化控制等优点,更适合现行处理工艺的改造需求,在采油废水处理中避免了一些生物与化学处理所引起的二次污染等问题,具有较高的推广价值。     

Holocene dynamics of invertebrate fauna in the littoral zone of Adak,the Aleutian Islands,according to archaeozoological data

Studies on invertebrate remains from the cultural layer of an ancient Aleut settlement on Adak Island have shown that the faunistic composition of invertebrates in the study area had not changed significantly during the Late Holocene. The traditional mode of natural resource use by the ancient Aleuts had no impact on the abundance of valuable species and biodiversity in general. Changes in the temperature regime were found to have taken place in the history of deposit formation. The period from the 8th to the mid-11th century was relatively cold. Climate warming took place between the mid-11th and the mid-12th centuries and between the mid-16th and the 19th centuries, with an intervening cooling period (from the mid-12th to the mid-16th century). This cooling was most distinct between the 15th and the mid-16th centuries.     

Distribution of organophosphate insecticides in a Thai biomass-water system

Sorption and leaching of the organophosphate (OP) pesticides chlorpyrifos, profenofos, methyl parathion and malathion were investigated with four different types of biomass: coconut husk, rice husk, peat moss and peanut shell. Organic carbon contents of the biomass were in the range of 35.4–45.4%. Sorption studies were carried out by the batch (equilibrium) method at 4 different OP spike concentrations and at pH 3–7. Sorption isotherms conformed to a linear Freundlich equation and the Freundlich constant or sorption coefficient (K_D) confirmed that biomass organic carbon content was the principal sorbent factor affecting OP sorption. For a given sorbent, correlation of the extent of sorption with sorbate chemical properties was examined. Column leaching experiments involving different masses of coconut husk and peanut shell pre-spiked with OPs at the level equivalent to actual spraying concentrations in some Thai tangerine orchards were conducted. These experiments included repeated spikings and leaching. A water flow rate of 20 mL min^?1 was employed corresponding to the current average watering regime. Retardation and biodegradation with these sorbents were also examined.     

广西郁江贝丘遗址群与稀遇洪水

水文方法估算稀遇洪水受到资料短缺的限制，用考古方法——贝丘遗址与稀遇洪水相关方法可以为稀遇洪水的估算提供辅证。郁江河段贝丘遗址群考古有一定的研究基础。研究表明，贝丘遗址的高程可作为稀遇洪水位的参考上限，对此，还通过地貌方法进行了检验。     

白果壳遗态Fe/C复合材料对水中磷的吸附特征

为研究PBGC-Fe/C-G（白果壳遗态Fe/C复合材料）对水中磷的吸附特征,以PBGC-Fe/C-G为吸附剂,对吸附剂投加量、溶液体系pH、初始磷质量浓度、温度和吸附剂粒径为影响因素进行静态吸附试验分析,并结合SEM、EDS、XRD和FT-IR等手段对吸附前、后材料进行表征,以揭示PBGC-Fe/C-G的吸附除磷机制.结果表明:①当初始磷质量浓度 < 10 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为0.2 g/（50 mL）、溶液为酸性（pH=3）、反应温度为45℃、吸附剂粒径 < 0.149 mm时,吸附效果最佳,吸附量达1.62 mg/g.②准二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型能较好地模拟PBGC-Fe/C-G对磷的吸附过程.③热力学结果显示,ΔG < 0、ΔS>0和ΔH>0,说明PBGC-Fe/C-G对磷的吸附过程是自发、熵增的吸热过程.研究显示,PBGC-Fe/C-G吸附除磷主要通过配位作用、静电引力、等电荷离子交换和物理作用4种协同完成,其中Fe活性位与磷酸根离子的配位反应为主要的反应过程.      

化学活化法制备麻疯树果壳活性炭的实验研究

以麻疯树果壳为原料，KOH为活化剂，通过化学活化法制备活性炭。考察了反应温度、反应时间和碱炭比（KOH与麻疯树果壳炭化料的质量比）等因素对活化结果的影响，并利用N2吸附和BET等现代分析测试方法来表征活性炭的结构特征。结果表明，化学活化法制备的活性炭吸附剂性能较好，且当活化温度为850℃，活化时间为240min，碱炭比R=4时制得活性炭产品的质量最好；化学活化法制备的活性炭为微孔吸附剂，在最佳条件下得到最大的碘吸附值和比表面积分别为2218．44mg／g和1890m^2／g。     

黑白显像管玻壳铅尘中铅的提取方法

研究了黑白显像玻壳生产中产生的含铅粉尘的水溶性,酸溶性,浸出毒性和铅的存在形态,提出了用盐酸循环浸铅,冷析ＰｂＣｌ２的提铅方法,考察了浸取剂及浓度,浸取温度,浸取时间对铅浸出率的影响,为充分利用铅资源及实现铅尘无害化提供了依据。